After finding various useless references on how to use the MERGE statement in SQL Server 2008, I found this one that I could use, so I copied it here for personal reference:
MERGE tablename AS target USING (VALUES ('new value', 'different value')) AS source (field1, field2) ON target.idfield = 7 WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET field1 = source.field1, field2 = source.field2, ... WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT ( idfield, field1, field2, ... ) VALUES ( 7, source.field1, source.field2, ... )