After finding various useless references on how to use the MERGE statement in SQL Server 2008, I found this one that I could use, so I copied it here for personal reference:
MERGE tablename AS target
USING (VALUES ('new value', 'different value'))
AS source (field1, field2)
ON target.idfield = 7
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET
field1 = source.field1,
field2 = source.field2,
...
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT ( idfield, field1, field2, ... )
VALUES ( 7, source.field1, source.field2, ... )