So, you resurrected a VM from the cold, damp crypts of the deepest backup dungeons, and now you can’t log in because the VM doesn’t trust the domain server anymore?
That’s alright. The Windows Domain will rotate its keys from time to time, and an offline VM snapshot will not know about it.
You don’t have to re-join the domain to fix this. Simply log in with a local admin account, or a cached domain login that’s somehow an administrator of the machine. Open a PowerShell session as said administrator, and run the following command:
Reset-ComputerMachinePassword
That’s it!
This answer was found at implbits.com (local archive).